Where is gastric inhibitory peptide secreted

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide is a hormone released from the small intestine that enhances the release of insulin following the intake of food. It is a member of the family of hormones known as the incretins of which the other main member is the hormone glucagon -like peptide 1. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide is made and secreted mainly from the upper section of the small intestine from a specific type of cell known as the K cell.

Its main action occurs in the pancreas where it targets beta cells, which produce insulin. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide stimulates the release of insulin from the beta cells in the pancreas in order to maintain low blood sugar levels after eating.

It also increases the production of these cells and reduces the rate at which they break down. Although this is the main function of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, receptors for glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide are also found in other organs of the body where it has several other effects:. The main trigger for glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide release is food, in particular fatty foods or those foods that are rich in sugar.

Once released into the bloodstream, levels of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide do not remain high for very long. It is broken down quite quickly after about seven minutes and therefore does not remain in the circulating blood for long. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide release is prevented by the hormone somatostatin , produced in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract.

There are currently no known direct causes of too much glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, some patients have increased levels of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide but it is not known whether this is a cause or consequence of the condition.

In type 2 diabetes mellitus, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide does not function as well as it should so it is less efficient at stimulating insulin release. This means patients have high blood sugar hyperglycaemia , which worsens their existing type 2 diabetes mellitus.

With obesity, scientists believe that by eating too much fatty foods there is an over-production of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide meaning that more fat tissue is produced. Currently there are no known consequences of having too little glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide. About Contact Events News. Search Search. You and Your Hormones. Get Word of the Day daily email! Test Your Vocabulary. Test your knowledge - and maybe learn something along the way.

Love words? Need even more definitions? Just between us: it's complicated. Ask the Editors 'Everyday' vs. What Is 'Semantic Bleaching'? How 'literally' can mean "figuratively". Literally How to use a word that literally drives some pe Is Singular 'They' a Better Choice?

The awkward case of 'his or her'. Take the quiz.